REPORT TEXT

Pengertian Report Text 

Report Text adalah salah satu jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan detail suatu objek. Detail dalam teks ini adalah detail ilmiah yang meliputi penjabaran objek, baik fisik maupun nonfisik dari fakta-fakta ilmiah tentang objek tersebut. 

Report Text termasuk ke dalam descriptive text yang memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan informasi-informasi kepada pembaca mengenai objek dari teks ini sendiri. Meskipun Report Text dan Description Text memang hampir sama, namun sebenarnya dua teks ini berbeda. Report Text cenderung mengarah ke teks faktual ilmiah dan lebih umum dibandingkan dengan Description Text sehingga tidak ada opini subjektif dari penulis. 

Generic Structure of Report Text Report Text ini mempunyai generic structure yang sama dengan Descriptive Text, yaitu: 

General Classification

• Bagian ini berisi pernyataan umum yang menjelaskan keterangan objek dari Report Text ini.

Description

• Bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena atau situasi yang terjadi, baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat, kebiasaan ataupun tingkah lakunya. Pada intinya, bagian ini menjabarkan klasifikasi yang disajikan secara ilmiah. Namun, hal yang perlu diingat bahwa Report Text bukan merupakan teks berita, tetapi teks faktual ilmiah.

Contoh Report Text 

Skin 

Skin is the outer layer of the body. In human being, it is the largest organ of the system that covers our body. Our skin has a function to protect our body from infection and extreme temperatures, maintain fluid balance, and synthesize vitamin D for our personal needs. 

Skin has three main layers, which are Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis that have their respective tasks and need each other. The Epidermis layer is the outermost layer of the skin. This layer does not contain blood vessels, and is formed from Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells. Under the Epidermis layer, there is Dermis layer. This layer contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. This layer is connected to the Epidermis layer with the basement membrane. Structurally, this layer is divided into two regions, which are the region next to the epidermis called the Papillary region, and the thick inner region that is known as the Reticular region. Furthermore, there is Hypodermis layer which located below the Dermis layer. This layer is known as Subcutaneous tissue. Hypodermis serves to attach the skin to the underlying bone and muscle and supply them with blood vessels and nerves. The combination of these three main layers has an average thickness of 1 mm. 

Penjelasan: 

Dari teks di atas, dapat kita lihat bahwa teks tersebut tidak mengandung opini subjektif dari penulis dan mempunyai ciri-ciri yang sama dengan ciri-ciri Report Text, yaitu: 

§ Berisi fakta-fakta ilmiah, seperti: Fungsi kulit serta lapisan kulit dan funginya. 

§ Judul teks sangat umum. 

§ Semua kalimat dalam teks di atas menggunakan Simple Present Tense. 

Contoh: 

Skin is the outer layer of the body. The combination of these three main layers has an average thickness of 1 mm. 

Struktur teks: 

1. General Classification 

Bagian ini terletak pada paragraf pertama pada teks tersebut yang menjelaskan secara umum mengenai Kulit. 

2. Description 

Bagian ini terletak pada paragraf kedua dari teks di atas yang menjelaskan mengenai lapisan-lapisan kulit dan fungsinya. 

Berikut ini adalah contoh Report Text, bisakah kamu menjelaskan mengapa teks ini merupakan Report Text dengan menganalisa ciri-ciri dan strukturnya? 

Contoh Report Text 2 (tentang Semut) 

Ants 

Ants are a type of insect with the family Formicidae. Ants have more than 12,000 species, most of which live in the tropics. But some types of ants that are well known to humans are black ants, Carpenter ants, red ants, fire ants, and Weaver ants. 

Most ants are known as social insects, because they form colonies and their regular nests have thousands of ants per colony. One colony can control a large area to support their lives. Colony members are divided into worker ants, male ants and queen ant. It is also possible to have guard ant group. The queen ant is in charge of reproducing (producing eggs) and is highly upheld by the members. The queen ant can live up to 20 years old. All worker ants are females, but they do not produce eggs. They devote themselves to taking care of the eggs of the queen. The most important thing workers ant job is to serve the queen and ensure that the queen and her “babies” are safe. In contrast to the Queen with her long age to live, male ants hav shorter life. Their only duty when they are adults is to marry the young ant queen. Male ants usually die 2 weeks after marrying the ant queen.